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Appendices

Appendix 1: workshop agenda summaries

9-13-Year-olds, 3 hour duration

• INTRODUCTION: Participants welcomed, aims and objectives explained, safeguarding procedures reviewed.
• ICEBREAKER: Entertaining activity to facilitate connection and build rapport.
• ACTIVITY 1: Culture Images

Aim: Prime young people to start thinking about their and other cultures. Instructions: Individually, participants view a series of images displaying diverse cultural practices, behaviours, items and identify which represent parts of their culture.

• ACTIVITY 2: Word Race

Aim: Surfaces what culture means to young people? Instructions: In groups, participants race to create word clouds describing their culture.

• ACTIVITY 3: Our Digital World

Aim: Unpack what ‘digital’ means to young people, explore the role of digital in culture. Instructions: In groups, participants draw a map of their digital world including devices, platforms, apps they use and what helps and hinders access and usage.

• ACTIVITY 4: Culture Centred Design

Aim: Surfaces the key principles of culture-centred digital design. Instructions: In groups, participants create a plan for an ideal app for children like them.

• WRAP-UP/FEEDBACK: Participants thanked and next steps explained

14-18-Year-olds, 3.5 hour duration

• INTRODUCTION: Participants welcomed, aims and objectives explained, safeguarding procedures reviewed.
• ICEBREAKER: Entertaining activity to facilitate connection and build rapport.
• ACTIVITY 1: Culture Images

Aim: Prime young people to start thinking about their and other cultures. Instructions: Individually, participants view a series of images displaying diverse cultural practices, behaviours, items and identify which represent parts of their culture.

• ACTIVITY 2: Word Race

Aim: Surfaces what culture means to young people? Instructions: In groups, participants race to create word clouds describing their culture.

• ACTIVITY 3: Our Digital World

Aim: Unpack what ‘digital’ means to young people, explore the role of digital in culture. Instructions: In groups, participants draw a map of their digital world including devices, platforms, apps they use and what helps and hinders access and usage.

• ACTIVITY 4: Mini Focus Groups

Aim:Explore how digital technology intersects with culture. Instructions: In groups, participants discuss what digital technologies help or hinder their culture.

• ACTIVITY 5: Made With You In Mind
• AIM: Explore key role/principles of culture-centred digital design. Instructions: In groups, participants identify digital technology that is made with them in mind.
• ACTIVITY 6: Culture Centred Design

Aim: Surfaces the key principles of culture-centred digital design. Instructions: In groups, participants create a plan for an ideal app for children like them.

• WRAP-UP/FEEDBACK: Participants thanked and next steps explained.

Appendix 2: Workshop Locations

Australia

Location 1: Parramatta, Sydney, New South Wales (Urban)

Located on the Aboriginal lands of the Burramattagal people in Greater Western Sydney, Parramatta is an urban hub, 25 kilometres from Sydney CBD. Parramatta is populous, home to over 256,729 people (ABS, 2021). Young people aged 10 to 24 make up about 16.5% of Parramatta’s population, and Indigenous people contribute 0.8%. Parramatta is one of Australia’s most multicultural cities, with 53% of people living in the area born overseas, with resident nationalities/ancestries including Chinese, Indian, Korean, Lebanese, Hong Konger and Filipino. In recent years, Parramatta has been experiencing significant transformations and has been labelled as “Sydney’s second CBD”.

Young people who attended the workshop in Parramatta were aged between 9 and 13 years. Participants were from a mix of low, moderate and high income households based in the Western Sydney area. Many young people with diverse cultural backgrounds took part in the workshop, including those with Pakistani, Greek-Maltese, and New Zealander backgrounds.

Location 2: Bondi, Sydney, New South Wales (Urban)

Bondi is situated on the traditional lands of the Gadigal and the Bidjigal peoples in Eastern Sydney. According to most recent census data, Bondi has a population of around 68,605 with Indigenous people making up 0.4%. Young people aged 10 to 24 make up around 14% of the population (ABS, 2021). Bondi is considered an affluent suburb. English, Irish, Scottish and Italian background make up the vast proportion of cultural diversity in Bondi.

Young people who attended the workshop in Bondi were aged between 14 and 17 years. Most participants identified as multicultural, representing Japanese-Italian, Indian and Filipino backgrounds, and diverse religious backgrounds, including Jewish.

Location 3: Orange, New South Wales (regional)

On Wiradjuri land in New South Wales, Orange is a regional town, home to 43,512 people (ABS, 2021) with a proportionately large First Nations population of around 7.7.% (in comparison to the national average of 3.2%). Young people make up 19% of Orange’s total population. Orange is relatively socioeconomically advantaged. Orange has a high number of Australian residents alongside other nationalities including English, Irish, Scottish, and Aboriginal. A historic town, Orange is famous for its vibrant food and wine culture from a key agricultural industry, situated on scenic vineyards.

Young people who attended the workshop in Orange were between 10 and 13 years of age. Most participants were from either low-moderate or moderate-high income households. Whilst no participants spoke languages other than English at home, some participants identified as having mixed cultural backgrounds, including Mexican, Japanese and German.

Location 4: Cowra, New South Wales (rural)

Cowra, a small outer regional town in New South Wales 90 kilometres from Orange, sits on the Aboriginal lands of the Wiradjuri people and has a population of around 12,724 (ABS, 2021), with Indigenous people making up 8.8%. 16% of Cowra’s population are young people. Household income data indicates that Cowra is a low socioeconomic town. There is a very low number of linguistically diverse people (1.1%) in Cowra who speak languages other than English. The key industries in Cowra include agriculture, manufacturing, and wholesale trading. Cowra has a rich history, famous for the WWII Cowra Breakout – the largest Prisoner(s) of War escape in Australia’s military history. A number of Cowra’s landmarks highlight its military history (e.g., the Japanese Garden and Cultural Centre, the World Peace Bell, and the Japanese War Cemetery).

Young people who attended the workshop in Cowra were aged between 14 and 18 years. There was an even mix of young people from low to moderate and moderate to high income households. Only one participant spoke a language other than English at home, and one participant identified as Aboriginal.

Indonesia

Location 1: Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta (urban)

Pasar Minggu is a subdistrict urban area in the south of Jakarta, Indonesia’s capital and most populous city. The city and surrounds are home to around 2.3 million residents. Residents mostly work as office workers, small business entrepreneurs, government officials, and in service industries (e.g., repair workers, etc). The area has access to various services, including banks, hospitals, schools and markets.

Young people who attended workshops in Pasar Minguu were aged 9 to 18 and mainly came from lower socio-economic backgrounds with parents working in industries such as street food vending, labouring, produce retail and factory work. Mostly, participants came from small households in densely populated areas prone to flooding. Despite most participants being from low-income households, many own smartphones because these devices are needed for schooling. Young participants studied in either government run public schools, schools managed by religious institutions, or in vocational schools run by the government.

Location 2: Semplak, Bogor, West Java (rural)

Bogor, a satellite city 51 kilometres from Jakarta, is known as a ‘green area’ in west Java Province. Bogor is a highly densely populated city, with around 5 million residents, and is rapidly expanding.

Young people who attended the workshops were between 9 and 18 years of age, and came from Semplak, a village in West Bogor, with around 13,500 residents. Despite its small size, residents have access to a variety of services such as schools, banks, clinics and markets. Half of the young people who attended the workshops came from middle income households, with parents who worked as teachers, government officers, or company officers. The other half came from low-income households, with parents working predominantly as repairmen, food street vendors, labours, etc. All young people who participated had access to digital technology and were up to date with digital trends for young people. Young people from Semplak mostly attend government run schools (either high schools, vocational schools) or schools run by religious institutions.

India

Location 1: Ahmedabad, central Gujarat

Ahmedabad is a large and cosmopolitan urban city in Gujarat, a state along the western coast of India, with a population of 7.4 million. During the first half of the 20th century, the city was at the forefront of the Indian independence movement to promote workers’ rights, civil rights and political independence, and was the city selected for Gandhi's ashram. Ahmedabad remains the cultural and commercial heart of Gujarat, a key centre for education, IT and scientific industries.

One of the world’s fastest growing cities, the city has undergone rapid urban transformation (e.g., construction of skyscrapers, shopping centres and multiplexes). Hindus are the predominant religious community in the city comprising 81% of the population, followed by Muslims (13%). Most residents in Ahmedabad are native Gujaratis, but there is a large population with origins outside the state who speak a variety of languages, mainly Hindi and Urdu (among Muslims) but also diverse Indian languages like Marathi, Bengali, and Malayalam.

Young people who participated in the workshop in Ahmedabad were aged 9 to 13 years, and attended a private, international, English school. Participants were predominantly from resource-rich backgrounds, with effectively unlimited exposure and access to digital technologies.

Location 2: Rajkot, West Gujarat

Rajkot is an urban city, the fourth largest in the southwest region of Gujarat, with a population of around 2 million. Like Ahmedabad, Rajkot is in a period of rapid industrial and economic growth. Residents of the city have a higher than average literacy rate (85% vs. 77%). Hinduism is the main religion, practiced by 90% of the population, followed by Islam (8%). Rajkot is a multicultural city, with residents speaking languages such as Hindi, Gujarati, English, Urdu, Sindhi, Tamil, Maratha, Bengali, and Malayalam.

Young people who participated in the workshop in Rajkot were aged between 14 and 18 and attended a trust-funded Gujarati school (trust-funded schools are run by charitable trusts to provide affordable education). The young people were predominantly from resource poor backgrounds, but all students had access to smart phones and had computers with internet facilities available at the school.

Location 3: Vankal, South Gujarat

Vankal is a small village with an approximate population of 6,000 people, located in the Surat district of southern Gujarat. Vankal is considered developed relative to most Indian villages and is witnessing rapid changes with thriving small businesses, predominantly in farming and retail. Residents have good access to facilities and educational institutes.

Young people who participated in this workshop were aged 14 to 18. They attend an English school and take part in additional coaching classes at a nearby tutoring centre. The young people came from relatively high socio-economic backgrounds ranging from upper middle to middle class, and predominantly from resource-rich settings. Their parents had fairly strong educational backgrounds, especially those who worked for the government, banks, or private corporations.

Location 4: Adas, Central Gujarat

Adas is a rural village in the District of Anand, with a population of 12,582. Adas is 16 km away from the urban centre of Anand, with limited transportation facilities to reach the village. The rural area has agriculture as the primary industry. The literacy rate of Adas village is 76%.

Young people who took part in this workshop in Adas were aged between 9 and 13 and attended a Gujarati government funded school. Participants were predominantly from resource-poor backgrounds, and represented diverse cultural and religious backgrounds, with the majority following either Hindu or Muslim traditions. Due to limited funding, young people who attended this workshop have limited access to digital facilities and training opportunities.